Tattoos of Amazigh women between the past and today: symbols and significances

Introduction:

Amazigh (Berber) women historically adorned themselves with tattoos for beauty, health, and protective reasons. Despite being a fading tradition, globalization and the influence of Islam have played a role in reshaping cultural dynamics around tattooing for Amazigh women.

amazigh woman with ancient tattoos, created by Noctuark / Licensed by Wikimedia Commons ( public domain)

Origins of Amazigh Tattoos:

Tattooing has ancient roots in Berber and Amazigh culture, dating back to the Pharaonic-Nubian period. Egyptian mummies from the eleventh dynasty displayed tattoos, primarily on women, with symbolic and mystical interpretations. Amazigh women's tattoos held significance in expressing social status, emotions and acting as a form of resilience, especially in times of loss.

The practice of tattooing, once a unifying factor among nomadic Amazigh tribes, has declined over the years. Societal devaluation began in the 1970s with a more rigid interpretation of Islam condemning tattoos. Henna tattooing gradually replaced permanent tattoos in North Africa as a response to religious constraints.

Tattoo Signs of Amazigh Women:

1. The "+" Sign:

Often appearing on the cheek or under the eye, the "+" sign, resembling a bird's paw, signifies power, authority, and protection from arbitrary domination.

2. Cross with Equal Branches :  

Interpreted as a reminiscence of Barbary's Christian past, the cross holds diverse meanings, including balance, perfection, and equality. It serves as a universal symbol found in various cultures.

3. Tanit's Sign:

Representing the goddess Tanit, associated with fertility and protection of life, this anthropomorphic symbol connects the terrestrial world with the celestial. The Cross of Agades in Tuareg culture is believed to preserve Tanit's sign.

4. The Moon:

In Berber traditions, the moon symbolizes magical powers, and a moon tattoo near the eye is thought to capture these powers. The symbol holds no connection to religious or national meanings.

5. Berber Woman Palm Tattoo:

Symbolizing the "mother goddess" and a source of wealth, the palm tattoo represents life and fertility. This connects to ancient Egyptian symbolism, where the palm is associated with fertility.

6. Partridge's Eye:

Shaped like a diamond, the partridge's eye represents beauty, agility, and wisdom. The partridge, difficult to tame, symbolizes qualities that attract freedom.

Conclusion:

The tradition of tattooing among the Amazigh people is diminishing due to the influence of Islam, urbanization, and modernization. While the older generation still bears tattoos, the practice is rare among young women. The challenge lies in preserving the rich heritage, symbols, and stories of tattooed Amazigh women amidst the threats of globalization and modernization.

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